In modern electrical grids, emergency response systems are critical for maintaining stability and ensuring the continued safe operation of the power supply. For facilities generating power—especially those connected to the grid under emergency conditions—having an effective emergency backstop mechanism is essential to prevent disruptions. Jemena, a leading energy infrastructure company, has developed a robust and dynamic emergency backstop solution for managing Emergency Generation (EG) systems greater than 200 kVA.
This article delves into Jemena’s approach to emergency backstop capabilities, focusing on the adoption of a Dynamic Operating Envelope (DoE) solution over its existing SCADA system, utilizing the DNP3 communication protocol.
Background
In Australia, the regulatory requirements for Emergency Generation (EG) systems—such as backup generators or renewable energy installations—are clear: when connected to the grid, these systems must be able to respond to grid disturbances and supply power without jeopardizing the stability of the wider grid. For installations larger than 200 kVA, the regulations do not prescribe a specific technology to implement the Emergency Backstop functionality. This opens up opportunities for utilities like Jemena to integrate their own systems and solutions.
Jemena’s approach addresses these requirements through the use of their existing SCADA infrastructure, which offers a reliable, scalable, and flexible platform to manage EG systems and respond to emergency situations in real time.
The Dynamic Operating Envelope (DoE)
At the core of Jemena’s emergency backstop solution is the Dynamic Operating Envelope (DoE). This refers to the operational limits placed on power export and generation, which can adjust dynamically based on real-time grid conditions and operational scenarios.
- Purpose: The goal of the DoE is to manage and control the power output of EG systems to avoid overloading the grid or violating operational limits. During normal conditions, the EG systems may operate within a predefined export range. However, under emergency circumstances, the DoE allows for more granular control to ensure that power flows safely within safe thresholds that are optimized for both grid stability and operational integrity.
- Dynamic Control: The DoE is not static; it adapts continuously based on factors such as system performance, generation capacity, grid demands, and emergency conditions. This level of flexibility allows Jemena to maintain grid reliability while leveraging the benefits of distributed generation, such as from backup generators or renewable sources like solar and wind.
Leveraging SCADA for Emergency Backstop
One of the most critical aspects of Jemena’s solution is the use of its existing SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system to monitor and control emergency generation. SCADA is a widely used technology that provides real-time data acquisition and control of industrial systems.
- SCADA for Remote Monitoring: SCADA allows operators to remotely monitor and control multiple EG systems across different sites, ensuring that emergency generators operate within the required parameters and can respond to grid demands swiftly.
- DNP3 Protocol Over SCADA: Jemena utilizes the DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol 3), a robust and efficient communication protocol designed for critical infrastructure, to ensure reliable, secure communication between the EG systems and SCADA. DNP3 is widely adopted in the energy and utilities sectors for its ability to operate over a variety of communications networks, including wide-area networks like 4G and dedicated modems.
- 4G Modem Connectivity: For installations that are geographically dispersed or remote, Jemena integrates 4G modems to provide reliable communications between field equipment (e.g., EG systems) and the SCADA master station. This ensures continuous monitoring and control, even in cases where traditional wired communication may not be feasible.
How the Emergency Backstop Works
Jemena’s emergency backstop mechanism operates through the following key stages:
- Data Acquisition: Real-time data is gathered from EG systems, including power generation levels, grid status, and performance metrics, using SCADA. The data is then transmitted using the DNP3 protocol over 4G modems back to Jemena’s central SCADA control station.
- Monitoring and Control: Operators at the control station can remotely monitor the status of each EG system. If an emergency event occurs—such as a sudden grid disturbance or a failure in another part of the network—the SCADA system can instantly adjust the generation limits of the EG systems according to the DoE.
- Emergency Response: In the event of a grid emergency or disturbance, the DoE mechanism ensures that power export is adjusted within safe operating limits. This can involve reducing the output from EG systems, temporarily shutting down certain generators, or rerouting power to other parts of the grid to prevent system instability.
- Continuous Adjustment: The system remains active and responsive throughout the event, dynamically adjusting as new data comes in, ensuring that the grid remains balanced and reliable.
Advantages of Jemena’s Approach
Jemena’s adoption of a SCADA-based emergency backstop offers several advantages over traditional or proprietary systems:
- Cost-Effectiveness: By utilizing an existing SCADA infrastructure, Jemena avoids the need for costly investments in new technology while still meeting regulatory requirements and ensuring the reliability of the grid.
- Flexibility and Scalability: The system is highly adaptable to different types of EG systems, whether they are diesel generators, solar PV installations, or battery storage systems. It can easily scale to accommodate additional assets as needed.
- Real-Time Monitoring and Control: The ability to monitor and control EG systems in real time through the SCADA system enables quick responses to grid emergencies, reducing the risk of grid failure and enhancing overall grid resilience.
- Proven Communication Protocol (DNP3): The use of DNP3 ensures high levels of reliability, even under challenging conditions, and supports secure and efficient communication between remote systems.
- Remote Accessibility: Operators can monitor and adjust the system from anywhere, thanks to the integration of 4G modems. This enhances operational flexibility and reduces the need for physical presence at remote sites.
Jemena’s Emergency Backstop mechanism, based on a dynamic operating envelope controlled via its SCADA system and the DNP3 protocol, represents a modern, efficient, and scalable approach to grid emergency management. By leveraging existing infrastructure, the system provides enhanced flexibility, real-time control, and robust communications to ensure power generation stays within safe limits during emergency conditions. This approach not only meets regulatory requirements but also enhances grid resilience, reduces costs, and provides a path for future expansion.
As the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) continues to grow, the need for effective emergency management solutions like Jemena’s backstop mechanism will be increasingly important in maintaining a stable and reliable electricity grid.
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